The R Core Team was formed in 1997 to further develop the language. As of December 2022, it has 103 mirrors and 18,976 contributed packages. CRAN originally had three mirrors and 12 contributed packages. Its name and scope mimics the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network and the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) was founded in 1997 by Kurt Hornik and Fritz Leisch to host R's source code, executable files, documentation, and user-created packages. The first official 1.0 version was released on 29 February 2000. R officially became a GNU project on 5 December 1997 when version 0.60 released. Mailing lists for the R project began on 1 April 1997 preceding the release of version 0.50. In June 1995, statistician Martin Mächler convinced Ihaka and Gentleman to make R free and open-source under the GNU General Public License. Ihaka and Gentleman first shared binaries of R on the data archive StatLib and the s-news mailing list in August 1993. The name of the language comes from being an S language successor and the shared first letter of the authors, Ross and Robert. The language took heavy inspiration from the S programming language with most S programs able to run unaltered in R as well as from Scheme's lexical scoping allowing for local variables. R was started by professors Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman as a programming language to teach introductory statistics at the University of Auckland. Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are also available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment, and Jupyter, a notebook interface. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting). The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment released as part of the GNU Project and available under the GNU General Public License. As of April 2023, R ranks 16th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity, in which the language peaked in 8th place in August 2020. The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages containing reusable code and documentation.Īccording to user surveys and studies of scholarly literature databases, R is one of the most commonly used programming languages in data mining. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. If your graphics device is postscript, we recommend that you disable this feature (see more info in the knitr issue #1365).įig_caption controls whether figures are rendered with captions (this is true by default).ĭev controls the graphics device used to render figures (defaults to pdf).R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. For macOS users who have installed Homebrew, ghostscript can be installed via brew install ghostscript. You also have to make sure the system package ghostscript is available in your system for pdfcrop to work. If you are using TinyTeX as your LaTeX distribution, we recommend that you run tinytex::tlmgr_install("pdfcrop") to install the LaTeX package pdfcrop. There are a number of options that affect the output of figures within PDF documents:įig_width and fig_height can be used to control the default figure width and height (6.5x4.5 is used by default).įig_crop controls whether the pdfcrop utility, if available in your system, is automatically applied to PDF figures (this is true by default). 19.7 Output arguments for render functions.16.5.4 Create a widget without an R package.2.1.4 2017 Employer Health Benefits Survey.
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